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First aid in the event of external hemorrhage

  • Ensure airway patency.
  • Evaluation of breathing and circulation.
  • Advise and assist the victim to lie down.
  • Direct pressure on the wound with dressings.
  • Elevation of the affected limb.
  • If the bleeding does not stop, apply arterial compression.
  • The last resource is to apply a tourniquet, indicating the time of application.
The tourniquet is a maneuver aimed at alleviating acute hemorrhage, which cannot be contained by the conventional system, by compressing the blood vessels in a circular area around the hemorrhage.
It is useful in traumatic amputations of limbs, extended crushing or when conventional measures have failed, but it involves some risks: gangrene and death by auto-intoxication.
The tourniquet must be applied between the wound and the heart. Once applied, it should be removed only in the presence of a physician. Should not be used, if possible, rope, wire or other thin objects that can "cut" while compressing, it is usual to use a triangular folded handkerchief or something similar with sufficient width (5 cm. approx.).
It is very important to reflect on a large paper pinned to the victim or by typing directly into the skin, preferably in the front (the sweat can erase some inks), time and location of the tourniquet and should aim to keep it at view by not hiding it with clothes or other objects.
Hypovolemic shock is a clinical condition in which the amount of blood reaching the cells is insufficient or inadequate to enable them to perform their normal function.
The symptoms are:
  • Pale, clammy skin.
  • Desasosiego y sed.
  • Weak and rapid pulse.
  • Slow and deep, sometimes noisy respiration.
  • Drowsiness.
  • If it persists, triggers in a coma.
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